Introduction

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.

The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than

twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for

leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of

an activity remunerated from within the place visited."

Most highly developed western countries, such as Switzerland, Austria,

and France have accumulated a big deal of their social and economic

welfare on profits from tourism.

According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the world’s

income and employs almost one tenth of the world’s workforce. All considered,

tourism’s actual and potential economic impact is astounding. Many people

emphasize the positive aspects of tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way

to balance foreign trade, an “industry without chimney” — in short, manna from

heaven.

But there are also a number of other positive and negative sides of

tourism’s economic boom for local communities, which not always considered by

advocates of tourism perspectives. Therefore in this paper I will consider the main

social and environment impacts of tourism at the country level.



2)Economic impact of tourism in Nepal.

The role international tourism can play in the development strategy

of Nepal is examined. Special emphasis was given to determining how

tourism contributes to national objectives of employment generation,

income distribution, regional development, and the earning of foreign

exchange and to analyzing the role of government in the development and

promotion of tourism. A major tool of analysis was a modified input-output

matrix of the Nepalese economy. One prominent modification was the

approach of collecting input-output data for only those industries

directly or indirectly linked to tourism enterprises. Visitors were

asked to record and identify their expenditures in diary form. Tourists

were classified into twelve categories according to their purpose of visit,

nationality, and class of hotel. A pattern of expenditures and other relevant

information was then established for each tourist category. Analysis of the

demand generated by tourism indicated that 64% of the value of goods and services

employed in the tourist sector was produced within Nepal while 36% had to be imported.

Tourism was found to be very capital intensive - three times more capital being required

per job than in the industrial sector. Public investments in an infrastructure to serve

tourists were estimated to be nearly half of the private investment in the tourism sector.

In contrast, expenditures of the government on current account were found to be balanced by

budget revenues. Tourism's impact on regional development appears to be very small, but in

this respect trekking tourism offers a much larger scope than pleasure tourism. There are

adverse cultural, social, and environmental aspects of expanded tourism which should be

carefully monitored and controlled. However, since tourism in Nepal has been shown to be

an effective earner of foreign exchange it was concluded that tourism should be developed,

to the extent that it is consonant with foreign exchange requirements for development purposes



3)The Positive and Negative Social and Environmental Impacts of

Tourism

Socially tourism has a great influence on the host societies. Tourism can be

both a source of international amity, peace and understanding and a destroyer

and corrupter of indigenous cultures, a source of ecological destruction, an

assault of people’s privacy, dignity, and authenticity.

Here are possible positive effects of tourism:

Developing positive attitudes towards each other

Learning about each other’s culture and customs

Reducing negative perceptions and stereotypes

Developing friendships

Developing pride, appreciation, understanding, respect, and tolerance for

each other’s culture

??Increasing self-esteem of hosts and tourists

??Psychological satisfaction with interaction

So, social contacts between tourists and local people may result in mutual

appreciation, understanding, tolerance, awareness, learning, family bonding

respect, and liking. Residents are educated about the outside world without

leaving their homes, while their visitors significantly learn about a distinctive

culture. Local communities are benefited through contribution by tourism to the

improvement of the social infrastructure like schools, libraries, health care

institutions, internet cafes, and so on. Besides, if local culture is the base for

attracting tourists to the region, it helps to preserve the local traditions and

handicrafts which maybe were on the link of the extinction

The tourism affect to all type of ecosystems from the littoral destroyed by the

walls of concrete, to the mountains were is settled the ski stations or, as the Alps,

is invaded by zousands of hikers. The golf fields are today one of the mainly

touristic attractions, with great impact due to the uses of pesticides, and the

high consume of water. Regions traditionally arid as Andalucia in the south of

Spain, inverts a lot of money in promotion of golf.



4)Solutions to medium and length term.

Once analyzed all the problems generate by the tourism, now we will try to find

out if they are possible to be taken some measured to correct this situation and

if the sustainable tourism can be reached. Or if the tourism by definition is an

element with strong impact and this advocated to disaster and to the complete

destruction.

The worldwide organism concienciated on this problem is the European union and

is really the unique organism that this doing something to reach the sustainable

tourism. The rest of the word does not consider those economic problems. Or he first

must solve his economic problems (as in the case of African countries) or by simple

carelessness (as in the case of the United States) although at global level there

are strategies like the Summit of Rio or most recently the Johannesburg.



5)Conclusion.

This single work has tried to give one vision global of techniques the present situation

and that can be used to correct this situation, although, in each concrete place must

uses techniques or others since depending on the zone different problem's exist. Respect

to the tourism is due to plan on global scale and to act of local way.

Therefore this single study gives the general directives, of the impacts of the tourism,

but it does not enter in practices details of like acting in each zone. Luckily the

situation can become but sustainable especially if the conservative spirit of the EU

extends the rest of the world and obtains the famous sustainable tourism that it is not

but part of always named sustainable development.